In Iran, domain names are protected against opportunistic individuals through three avenues of support:
WIPO Arbitration Center
According to Appendix 5 of the Dot-IR Domain Name Registration Agreement, titled “Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy,” any person registering a domain name with the “.ir” extension agrees to submit to potential dispute proceedings initiated by third parties at the WIPO Arbitration Center, a recognized dispute resolution authority under the World Intellectual Property Organization.
Civil Courts
If an individual claims rights over a registered domain name, such as finding it identical or similar to their trademark, company name, or sign, they can establish their rights over the domain name by filing a lawsuit in Tehran Public Court. Additionally, if either party objects to the decision issued by the WIPO Arbitration Center, they can present their objection to the Tehran Public Court within 10 days of receiving the decision.
Criminal Courts
If someone is involved in criminal activities in the virtual space, they can file a complaint with the appropriate criminal authorities. The domain registration center will enforce final judgments issued by the aforementioned authorities. After verifying that a domain is under consideration by one of the mentioned authorities, IRNIC (the registry for .ir domains) suspends any changes to the domain until a final decision is reached.